Ketamine Pharmacology: An Update – PubMed Central (PMC)

March 25, 2026

For more than 50 years, ketamine has proven to be a safe anesthetic drug with potent analgesic properties. The active enantiomer is S (+)‐ketamine. Ketamine is mostly metabolized in norketamine, an active metabolite.

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6493357/

Ketamine Pharmacology: An Update – PubMed Central (PMC) <body> <h1> Array ( [0] => jetamine pharmacology: an update – pubmed central (pmc) [1] => metamine pharmacology: an update – pubmed central (pmc) [2] => letamine pharmacology: an update – pubmed central (pmc) [3] => oetamine pharmacology: an update – pubmed central (pmc) [4] => ietamine pharmacology: an update – pubmed central (pmc) [5] => kwtamine pharmacology: an update – pubmed central (pmc) [6] => kstamine pharmacology: an update – pubmed central (pmc) [7] => kdtamine pharmacology: an update – pubmed central (pmc) [8] => krtamine pharmacology: an update – pubmed central (pmc) [9] => k4tamine pharmacology: an update – pubmed central (pmc) [10] => k3tamine pharmacology: an update – pubmed central (pmc) [11] => keramine pharmacology: an update – pubmed central (pmc) [12] => kefamine pharmacology: an update – pubmed central (pmc) [13] => kegamine pharmacology: an update – pubmed central (pmc) [14] => keyamine pharmacology: an update – pubmed central (pmc) [15] => ke6amine pharmacology: an update – pubmed central (pmc) [16] => ke5amine pharmacology: an update – pubmed central (pmc) [17] => ketzmine pharmacology: an update – pubmed central (pmc) [18] => ketsmine pharmacology: an update – pubmed central (pmc) [19] => ketwmine pharmacology: an update – pubmed central (pmc) [20] => ketqmine pharmacology: an update – pubmed central (pmc) [21] => ketanine pharmacology: an update – pubmed central (pmc) [22] => ketakine pharmacology: an update – pubmed central (pmc) [23] => ketajine pharmacology: an update – pubmed central (pmc) [24] => ketamune pharmacology: an update – pubmed central (pmc) [25] => ketamjne pharmacology: an update – pubmed central (pmc) [26] => ketamkne pharmacology: an update – pubmed central (pmc) [27] => ketamone pharmacology: an update – pubmed central (pmc) [28] => ketam9ne pharmacology: an update – pubmed central (pmc) [29] => ketam8ne pharmacology: an update – pubmed central (pmc) [30] => ketamibe pharmacology: an update – pubmed central (pmc) [31] => ketamime pharmacology: an update – pubmed central (pmc) [32] => ketamije pharmacology: an update – pubmed central (pmc) [33] => ketamihe pharmacology: an update – pubmed central (pmc) [34] => ketaminw pharmacology: an update – pubmed central (pmc) [35] => ketamins pharmacology: an update – pubmed central (pmc) [36] => ketamind pharmacology: an update – pubmed central (pmc) [37] => ketaminr pharmacology: an update – pubmed central (pmc) [38] => ketamin4 pharmacology: an update – pubmed central (pmc) [39] => ketamin3 pharmacology: an update – pubmed central (pmc) [40] => ketamine oharmacology: an update – pubmed central (pmc) [41] => ketamine lharmacology: an update – pubmed central (pmc) [42] => ketamine -harmacology: an update – pubmed central (pmc) [43] => ketamine 0harmacology: an update – pubmed central (pmc) [44] => ketamine pgarmacology: an update – pubmed central (pmc) [45] => ketamine pbarmacology: an update – pubmed central (pmc) [46] => ketamine pnarmacology: an update – pubmed central (pmc) [47] => ketamine pjarmacology: an update – pubmed central (pmc) [48] => ketamine puarmacology: an update – pubmed central (pmc) [49] => ketamine pyarmacology: an update – pubmed central (pmc) [50] => ketamine phzrmacology: an update – pubmed central (pmc) [51] => ketamine phsrmacology: an update – pubmed central (pmc) [52] => ketamine phwrmacology: an update – pubmed central (pmc) [53] => ketamine phqrmacology: an update – pubmed central (pmc) [54] => ketamine phaemacology: an update – pubmed central (pmc) [55] => ketamine phadmacology: an update – pubmed central (pmc) [56] => ketamine phafmacology: an update – pubmed central (pmc) [57] => ketamine phatmacology: an update – pubmed central (pmc) [58] => ketamine pha5macology: an update – pubmed central (pmc) [59] => ketamine pha4macology: an update – pubmed central (pmc) [60] => ketamine pharnacology: an update – pubmed central (pmc) [61] => ketamine pharkacology: an update – pubmed central (pmc) [62] => ketamine pharjacology: an update – pubmed central (pmc) [63] => ketamine pharmzcology: an update – pubmed central (pmc) [64] => ketamine pharmscology: an update – pubmed central (pmc) [65] => ketamine pharmwcology: an update – pubmed central (pmc) [66] => ketamine pharmqcology: an update – pubmed central (pmc) [67] => ketamine pharmaxology: an update – pubmed central (pmc) [68] => ketamine pharmavology: an update – pubmed central (pmc) [69] => ketamine pharmafology: an update – pubmed central (pmc) [70] => ketamine pharmadology: an update – pubmed central (pmc) [71] => ketamine pharmacilogy: an update – pubmed central (pmc) [72] => ketamine pharmacklogy: an update – pubmed central (pmc) [73] => ketamine pharmacllogy: an update – pubmed central (pmc) [74] => ketamine pharmacplogy: an update – pubmed central (pmc) [75] => ketamine pharmac0logy: an update – pubmed central (pmc) [76] => ketamine pharmac9logy: an update – pubmed central (pmc) [77] => ketamine pharmacokogy: an update – pubmed central (pmc) [78] => ketamine pharmacopogy: an update – pubmed central (pmc) [79] => ketamine pharmacooogy: an update – pubmed central (pmc) [80] => ketamine pharmacoligy: an update – pubmed central (pmc) [81] => ketamine pharmacolkgy: an update – pubmed central (pmc) [82] => ketamine pharmacollgy: an update – pubmed central (pmc) [83] => ketamine pharmacolpgy: an update – pubmed central (pmc) [84] => ketamine pharmacol0gy: an update – pubmed central (pmc) [85] => ketamine pharmacol9gy: an update – pubmed central (pmc) [86] => ketamine pharmacolofy: an update – pubmed central (pmc) [87] => ketamine pharmacolovy: an update – pubmed central (pmc) [88] => ketamine pharmacoloby: an update – pubmed central (pmc) [89] => ketamine pharmacolohy: an update – pubmed central (pmc) [90] => ketamine pharmacoloyy: an update – pubmed central (pmc) [91] => ketamine pharmacoloty: an update – pubmed central (pmc) [92] => ketamine pharmacologt: an update – pubmed central (pmc) [93] => ketamine pharmacologg: an update – pubmed central (pmc) [94] => ketamine pharmacologh: an update – pubmed central (pmc) [95] => ketamine pharmacologu: an update – pubmed central (pmc) [96] => ketamine pharmacolog7: an update – pubmed central (pmc) [97] => ketamine pharmacolog6: an update – pubmed central (pmc) [98] => ketamine pharmacology: zn update – pubmed central (pmc) [99] => ketamine pharmacology: sn update – pubmed central (pmc) [100] => ketamine pharmacology: wn update – pubmed central (pmc) [101] => ketamine pharmacology: qn update – pubmed central (pmc) [102] => ketamine pharmacology: ab update – pubmed central (pmc) [103] => ketamine pharmacology: am update – pubmed central (pmc) [104] => ketamine pharmacology: aj update – pubmed central (pmc) [105] => ketamine pharmacology: ah update – pubmed central (pmc) [106] => ketamine pharmacology: an ypdate – pubmed central (pmc) [107] => ketamine pharmacology: an hpdate – pubmed central (pmc) [108] => ketamine pharmacology: an jpdate – pubmed central (pmc) [109] => ketamine pharmacology: an ipdate – pubmed central (pmc) [110] => ketamine pharmacology: an 8pdate – pubmed central (pmc) [111] => ketamine pharmacology: an 7pdate – pubmed central (pmc) [112] => ketamine pharmacology: an uodate – pubmed central (pmc) [113] => ketamine pharmacology: an uldate – pubmed central (pmc) [114] => ketamine pharmacology: an u-date – pubmed central (pmc) [115] => ketamine pharmacology: an u0date – pubmed central (pmc) [116] => ketamine pharmacology: an upsate – pubmed central (pmc) [117] => ketamine pharmacology: an upxate – pubmed central (pmc) [118] => ketamine pharmacology: an upcate – pubmed central (pmc) [119] => ketamine pharmacology: an upfate – pubmed central (pmc) [120] => ketamine pharmacology: an uprate – pubmed central (pmc) [121] => ketamine pharmacology: an upeate – pubmed central (pmc) [122] => ketamine pharmacology: an updzte – pubmed central (pmc) [123] => ketamine pharmacology: an updste – pubmed central (pmc) [124] => ketamine pharmacology: an updwte – pubmed central (pmc) [125] => ketamine pharmacology: an updqte – pubmed central (pmc) [126] => ketamine pharmacology: an updare – pubmed central (pmc) [127] => ketamine pharmacology: an updafe – pubmed central (pmc) [128] => ketamine pharmacology: an updage – pubmed central (pmc) [129] => ketamine pharmacology: an updaye – pubmed central (pmc) [130] => ketamine pharmacology: an upda6e – pubmed central (pmc) [131] => ketamine pharmacology: an upda5e – pubmed central (pmc) [132] => ketamine pharmacology: an updatw – pubmed central (pmc) [133] => ketamine pharmacology: an updats – pubmed central (pmc) [134] => ketamine pharmacology: an updatd – pubmed central (pmc) [135] => ketamine pharmacology: an updatr – pubmed central (pmc) [136] => ketamine pharmacology: an updat4 – pubmed central (pmc) [137] => ketamine pharmacology: an updat3 – pubmed central (pmc) [138] => ketamine pharmacology: an update ᰫ pubmed central (pmc) [139] => ketamine pharmacology: an update &#u211; pubmed central (pmc) [140] => ketamine pharmacology: an update &#i211; pubmed central (pmc) [141] => ketamine pharmacology: an update ⏻ pubmed central (pmc) [142] => ketamine pharmacology: an update ᾯ pubmed central (pmc) [143] => ketamine pharmacology: an update &#8q11; pubmed central (pmc) [144] => ketamine pharmacology: an update &#8w11; pubmed central (pmc) [145] => ketamine pharmacology: an update ⁷ pubmed central (pmc) [146] => ketamine pharmacology: an update ” pubmed central (pmc) [147] => ketamine pharmacology: an update &#82q1; pubmed central (pmc) [148] => ketamine pharmacology: an update — pubmed central (pmc) [149] => ketamine pharmacology: an update &#821q; pubmed central (pmc) [150] => ketamine pharmacology: an update – oubmed central (pmc) [151] => ketamine pharmacology: an update – lubmed central (pmc) [152] => ketamine pharmacology: an update – -ubmed central (pmc) [153] => ketamine pharmacology: an update – 0ubmed central (pmc) [154] => ketamine pharmacology: an update – pybmed central (pmc) [155] => ketamine pharmacology: an update – phbmed central (pmc) [156] => ketamine pharmacology: an update – pjbmed central (pmc) [157] => ketamine pharmacology: an update – pibmed central (pmc) [158] => ketamine pharmacology: an update – p8bmed central (pmc) [159] => ketamine pharmacology: an update – p7bmed central (pmc) [160] => ketamine pharmacology: an update – puvmed central (pmc) [161] => ketamine pharmacology: an update – punmed central (pmc) [162] => ketamine pharmacology: an update – puhmed central (pmc) [163] => ketamine pharmacology: an update – pugmed central (pmc) [164] => ketamine pharmacology: an update – pubned central (pmc) [165] => ketamine pharmacology: an update – pubked central (pmc) [166] => ketamine pharmacology: an update – pubjed central (pmc) [167] => ketamine pharmacology: an update – pubmwd central (pmc) [168] => ketamine pharmacology: an update – pubmsd central (pmc) [169] => ketamine pharmacology: an update – pubmdd central (pmc) [170] => ketamine pharmacology: an update – pubmrd central (pmc) [171] => ketamine pharmacology: an update – pubm4d central (pmc) [172] => ketamine pharmacology: an update – pubm3d central (pmc) [173] => ketamine pharmacology: an update – pubmes central (pmc) [174] => ketamine pharmacology: an update – pubmex central (pmc) [175] => ketamine pharmacology: an update – pubmec central (pmc) [176] => ketamine pharmacology: an update – pubmef central (pmc) [177] => ketamine pharmacology: an update – pubmer central (pmc) [178] => ketamine pharmacology: an update – pubmee central (pmc) [179] => ketamine pharmacology: an update – pubmed xentral (pmc) [180] => ketamine pharmacology: an update – pubmed ventral (pmc) [181] => ketamine pharmacology: an update – pubmed fentral (pmc) [182] => ketamine pharmacology: an update – pubmed dentral (pmc) [183] => ketamine pharmacology: an update – pubmed cwntral (pmc) [184] => ketamine pharmacology: an update – pubmed csntral (pmc) [185] => ketamine pharmacology: an update – pubmed cdntral (pmc) [186] => ketamine pharmacology: an update – pubmed crntral (pmc) [187] => ketamine pharmacology: an update – pubmed c4ntral (pmc) [188] => ketamine pharmacology: an update – pubmed c3ntral (pmc) [189] => ketamine pharmacology: an update – pubmed cebtral (pmc) [190] => ketamine pharmacology: an update – pubmed cemtral (pmc) [191] => ketamine pharmacology: an update – pubmed cejtral (pmc) [192] => ketamine pharmacology: an update – pubmed cehtral (pmc) [193] => ketamine pharmacology: an update – pubmed cenrral (pmc) [194] => ketamine pharmacology: an update – pubmed cenfral (pmc) [195] => ketamine pharmacology: an update – pubmed cengral (pmc) [196] => ketamine pharmacology: an update – pubmed cenyral (pmc) [197] => ketamine pharmacology: an update – pubmed cen6ral (pmc) [198] => ketamine pharmacology: an update – pubmed cen5ral (pmc) [199] => ketamine pharmacology: an update – pubmed centeal (pmc) [200] => ketamine pharmacology: an update – pubmed centdal (pmc) [201] => ketamine pharmacology: an update – pubmed centfal (pmc) [202] => ketamine pharmacology: an update – pubmed centtal (pmc) [203] => ketamine pharmacology: an update – pubmed cent5al (pmc) [204] => ketamine pharmacology: an update – pubmed cent4al (pmc) [205] => ketamine pharmacology: an update – pubmed centrzl (pmc) [206] => ketamine pharmacology: an update – pubmed centrsl (pmc) [207] => ketamine pharmacology: an update – pubmed centrwl (pmc) [208] => ketamine pharmacology: an update – pubmed centrql (pmc) [209] => ketamine pharmacology: an update – pubmed centrak (pmc) [210] => ketamine pharmacology: an update – pubmed centrap (pmc) [211] => ketamine pharmacology: an update – pubmed centrao (pmc) [212] => ketamine pharmacology: an update – pubmed central (omc) [213] => ketamine pharmacology: an update – pubmed central (lmc) [214] => ketamine pharmacology: an update – pubmed central (-mc) [215] => ketamine pharmacology: an update – pubmed central (0mc) [216] => ketamine pharmacology: an update – pubmed central (pnc) [217] => ketamine pharmacology: an update – pubmed central (pkc) [218] => ketamine pharmacology: an update – pubmed central (pjc) [219] => ketamine pharmacology: an update – pubmed central (pmx) [220] => ketamine pharmacology: an update – pubmed central (pmv) [221] => ketamine pharmacology: an update – pubmed central (pmf) [222] => ketamine pharmacology: an update – pubmed central (pmd) ) </h1> </body>